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enGENDER IMPACT: Boosting Voice and Agency


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The  recognized that expanding women's agency is critical for improving the lives of women, their households and their communities. It is a central component of gender equality, alongside increasing human and physical endowments and expanding economic opportunities.

Voice is having a say in the processes that affect one¡¯s life and environment.

Agency is the ability to make choices to achieve desired outcomes.

Expanding women¡¯s voice and agency in many life domains is critical to ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Learn more about the World Bank¡¯s new report on Women¡¯s Voice, Agency and Participation and see examples of work in promoting collective action through Community-Driven Development.


Relevant outcomes: decision-making over family formation, participation or having a voice in community or societal activities, women¡¯s representation in political institutions, aspirations, motivation, psychological agency, gender norms


IE Title & Author(s)

Country

Gender Outcome(s)

Intervention Category


Akresh, et al.

Burkina Faso

Use of healthcare services, Intrahousehold Bargaining

Cash Transfer


Schady & Rosero

Ecuador

Nutrition, intrahousehold bargaining, consumption

Cash Transfer


Raballand, et al.

Malawi

Gender disaggregated participation or voice in community

Infrastructure


d'Adda, et al.

Kenya

Intrahousehold bargaining, reproductive health, women's access to healthcare

Antiretroviral Treatment


Blattman, et al.

Uganda

Gender disaggregated earnings, savings, consumption, psychological agency, domestic violence

Cash Transfer


Baird, et al.

Malawi

Female school attainment, cognitive skills, decision making over family formation

Cash Transfer


Macours, et al.

Nicaragua

Children's Nutrition, access to healthcare, cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills, Women's labor force participation, psychological agency

Cash Transfer


Macours, et al.

Nicaragua

Boys and girls health, nutrition, non-cognitive skills

Cash Transfer, Training


Thomas, et al.

Indonesia

Gender disaggregated nutrition, psychological agency, labor force participation, productivity

Iron Supplements


Macours & Vakis

Nicaragua

Women's Aspirations, motivation, school attendance, income, property

Cash Transfer


Coady, et al.

China

Gender disaggregated income, aspirations

Collective Action


Barron, et al.

Indonesia

Income, participation and voice in the community

Community Driven Development


Fearon, et al.

Liberia

Participation and voice in community, income

Community Driven Development


Baez, et al.

Colombia

Female participation or voice in community

Cash Transfer


Bass, et al.

Democratic Republic of Congo

Mental or physical consequences of GBV, psychological agency

Psychological Treatment


Blattman, et al.

Uganda

Vocational knowledge or skills, labor force participation, productivity, participation or voice in community

Cash Transfer


Olken

Indonesia

Participation or voice in community, women's representation in politics

Community Driven Development


Beath, et al.

Afghanistan

Women's participation or voice in community, psychological agency

Political Participation


Gine, et al.

Pakistan

Gender disaggregated access to credit, psychological agency

Microfinance, information intervention


Alam, et al.

Pakistan

Girls school attainment, labor force participation, child labor, decision making over family formation

Cash Transfer


Arcand & Bassole

Senegal

Health of women, nutrition, consumption, participation or having a voice in the community

Community Driven Development


Pandey, et al.

India

Women's participation or voice in the community

Information Intervention, school management


Paxson & Schady

Ecuador

Gender disaggregated cognitive skills, non-cognitive skill, psychological agency

Cash Transfer


Seininger & Liu

India

Female nutrition, consumption, psychological agency, participation or voice in community

Community Driven Development


Blattman, et al.

Uganda

Gender disaggregated income, consumption, labor force participation, participation or voice in community, psychological agency

Cash Transfer


Behrman, et al.

Uganda

Girls vocational knowledge or skills, labor force participation, psychological agency, reproductive health, sexual abuse or harassment

Training, Cash Transfer


Beath, et al.

Afghanistan

Female participation or voice in community, decision making over family formation

Community Driven Development


Premand, et al.

Tunisia

Gender disaggregated outcomes: entrepreneurship, labor force participation, vocational knowledge or skills, access to credit, aspirations, non-cognitive skills

Training


Field

Peru

Decision making over family formation

Land Titling


Nkonya, et al.

Nigeria

Property, productivity, participation or voice in community

Agricultural Development


Braido, et al.

Brazil

Consumption, intrahousehold decision-making

Cash Transfer


Koolwal

India

Savings, access to credit, intrahousehold decision making

Community Development


Blattman, et al.

Liberia

Participation or voice in community

Conflict Resolution


Parajuli, et al.

Nepal

Participation or voice in the community, consumption

Community Driven Development


Kremer, et al.

Kenya

School performance, motivation

Cash Transfer


Baird, et al.

Malawi

Psychological agency

Conditional Cash Transfers


Nguyen

Madagascar

School Achievement, School Attendance, Aspirations

Information Intervention


Kandpal, et al.

India

Female labor force participation, intrahousehold bargaining, participation or voice in community

Community Development


Gibson, et al.

Tonga

Psychological agency

Migration


De Mel, et al.

Sri Lanka

Productivity, intrahousehold decision making

Cash Transferl


Gugerty & Kremer

Kenya

Women's participation or voice in community

Community Driven Development


Banerjee, et al.

India

Gender disaggregated school performance

Information Intervention


Bjorkman & Svensson

Uganda

Health of women and girls, sexual, maternal and reproductive health, participation or having a voice in community or societal activities, motivation

Community Driven Development


Blattman & Annan

Liberia

Labor force participation, participation or voice in the community

Training


Casey, et al.

Sierra Leone

Participation or voice in community, women's representation in politics, gender norms

Community Driven Development


Packel, et al.

Tanzania

Reproductive health, STDs/STIs, decision making over family formation

Reproductive Health


Groh, et al.

Jordan

Female labor force participation, non-cognitive skills, aspirations, psychological agency

Training, Cash Transfer


Clemens & Tiongson

Philippines

Gender Disaggregated: consumption, access to healthcare, property, savings, school performance, intrahousehold bargaining

Migration Permits


Alatas, et al.

Indonesia

Participation or voice in community

Cash Transfer


Carneiro, et al.

Chile

Gender disaggregated labor force participation, psychological agency

Social Support


Martinez, et al.

Mozambique

Gender disaggregated nutrition, Educational enrolment, attainment, performance, literacy and numeracy, non-cognitive skills, women's labor force participation, aspirations

Early Childhood Development


Baird, et al.

Malawi

School enrollment, decision making over family formation, fertility

Cash Transfer


Hasan

Pakistan

Gender norms, labor force participation

Cash Transfer


Gine & Mansuri

Pakistan

Participation or voice in community, women's representation in politics

Political Participation


Trung, et al.

Vietnam

Gender disaggregated income, investment, labor force participation, intrahousehold bargaining

Land Titling


Gupta, et al.

Cote d'Ivoire

Domestic violence, norms or attitudes towards GBV, intrahousehold decision making

Support Groups, Training


Hicks, et al.

Kenya

Gender disaggregated vocational training, gender norms

Training

 



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